The Development of Old Age along with also Related Issues
In traditional Chinese along with also some other Asian cultures the aged were highly respected along with also cared for. The Igabo tribesmen of Eastern Nigeria value dependency in their aged along with also involve them in care of children along with also the administration of tribal affairs (Shelton, A. in Kalish R. Uni Michigan 1969).
In Eskimo culture the grandmother was pushed out into the ice-flow to die as soon as she became useless.
Western societies today usually resemble to some degree the Eskimo culture, only the "ice-flows" have names such a "Sunset Vista" along with also the like. Younger generations no longer assign status to the aged along with also their abandonment
is usually always in danger of becoming the social norm.
There has been a tendency to remove the aged through their homes along with also put them in custodial care. To some degree the government provides domiciliary care services to prevent or delay This specific, however the motivation probably has more
to do with expense than humanity.
In Canada along with also some parts of the USA old people are being utilised as foster-grandparents in child care agencies.
SOME BASIC DEFINITIONS
What is usually Aging?
Aging: Aging is usually a natural phenomenon in which refers to alterations occurring throughout the life span along with also result in differences in structure along with also function between the youthful along with also elder generation.
Gerontology: Gerontology is usually the study of aging along with also includes science, psychology along with also sociology.
Geriatrics: A relatively brand-new field of medicine specialising from the health problems of advanced age.
Social aging: Refers to the social habits along with also roles of individuals with respect to their culture along with also society. As social aging increases individual usually experience a decrease in meaningful social interactions.
Biological aging: Refers to the physical alterations from the Centeng systems during the later decades of life. the idea may begin long before the individual reaches chronological age 65.
Cognitive aging: Refers to decreasing ability to assimilate brand-new information along with also learn brand-new behaviours along with also skills.
GENERAL PROBLEMS OF AGING
Eric Erikson (Youth along with also the life cycle. Children. 7: 43-49 Mch / April 1960) developed an "ages along with also stages" theory of human
development in which involved 8 stages after birth each of which involved a basic dichotomy representing best case along with also worst case outcomes. Below are the dichotomies along with also their developmental relevance:
Prenatal stage - conception to birth.
1. Infancy. Birth to 2 years - basic trust vs. basic distrust. desire.
2. Early childhood, 3 to 4 years - autonomy vs. self doubt / shame. Will.
3. Play age, 5 to 8 years - initiative vs. guilt. Purpose.
4. School age, 9to 12 - industry vs. inferiority. Competence.
5. Adolescence, 13 to 19 - identity vs. identity confusion. Fidelity.
6. Young adulthood - intimacy vs. isolation. Love.
7. Adulthood, generativity vs. self absorption. Care.
8. Mature age- Ego Integrity vs. Despair. Wisdom.
This specific stage of older adulthood, ie stage 8, begins about the time of retirement along with also continues throughout one's life. Achieving ego integrity is usually a sign of maturity while failing to reach This specific stage is usually an indication of poor development in prior stages through the life course.
Ego integrity: This specific means coming to accept one's whole life along with also reflecting on the idea in a positive manner. According to Erikson, achieving
integrity means fully accepting one 'self along with also coming to terms with death. Accepting responsibility for one's life along with also being able to review
the past with satisfaction is usually essential. The inability to do This specific leads to despair along with also the individual will begin to fear death. If a favourable balance is usually achieved during This specific stage, then wisdom is usually developed.
Psychological along with also personality aspects:
Aging has psychological implications. Next to dying our recognition in which we are aging may be one of the most profound shocks we ever receive. Once we pass the invisible line of 65 our years are bench marked for the remainder of the game of life. We are no longer "mature age" we are instead classified as "old", or "senior citizens". How we cope with the alterations we face along with also stresses of altered status depends on our basic personality. Here are 3 basic personality types in which have been identified. the idea may be a oversimplification however the idea makes the point about personality effectively:
a. The autonomous - people who seem to develop the resources for self-renewal. They may be dedicated to a goal or idea along with also committed to continuing productivity. This specific appears to protect them somewhat even against physiological aging.
b.The adjusted - people who are rigid along with also lacking in adaptability however are supported by their power, prestige or well structured routine. however if their situation alterations drastically they become psychiatric casualties.
c.The anomic. These are people who do not have clear inner values or a protective life vision. Such people have been described as prematurely resigned along with also they may deteriorate rapidly.
Summary of stresses of old age.
a. Retirement along with also reduced income. Most people rely on work for self worth, identity along with also social interaction. Forced retirement can be demoralising.
b. Fear of invalidism along with also death. The increased probability of falling prey to illness through which there is usually no recovery is usually a continual
source of anxiety. When one includes a heart attack or stroke the stress becomes much worse.
Some persons face death with equanimity, often psychologically supported by a religion or philosophy. Others may welcome death as an end to suffering or insoluble problems along with also with little concern for life or human existence. Still others face impending death with suffering of great stress against which they have no ego defenses.
c. Isolation along with also loneliness. Older people face inevitable loss of loved ones, friends along with also contemporaries. The loss of a spouse whom one has depended on for companionship along with also moral support is usually particularly distressing. Children grow up, marry along with also become preoccupied or move away. Failing memory, visual along with also aural impairment may all work to make social interaction difficult. along with also if This specific
then leads to a souring of outlook along with also rigidity of attitude then social interaction becomes further lessened along with also the individual may not even utilise the avenues for social activity in which are still available.
d. Reduction in sexual function along with also physical attractiveness. Kinsey et al, in their Sexual behaviour from the human male,
(Phil., Saunders, 1948) found in which there is usually a gradual decrease in sexual activity with advancing age along with also in which reasonably gratifying patterns of sexual activity can continue into extreme old age. The aging person also has to adapt to loss of sexual attractiveness in a society which puts extreme emphasis on sexual attractiveness. The adjustment in self image along with also self concept in which are required can be very hard to make.
e. Forces tending to self devaluation. Often the experience of the older generation has little perceived relevance to the problems of the young along with also the older person becomes deprived of participation in decision producing both in occupational along with also family settings. Many parents are seen as unwanted burdens along with also their children may secretly wish they might die so they can be free of the burden along with also experience some financial relief or benefit. Senior citizens may be pushed into the role of being an old person with all This specific implies in terms of self devaluation.
4 Major Categories of Problems or Needs:
Health.
Housing.
Income maintenance.
Interpersonal relations.
BIOLOGICAL alterations
Physiological alterations: Catabolism (the breakdown of protoplasm) overtakes anabolism (the build-up of protoplasm). All Centeng systems are affected along with also repair systems become slowed. The aging process occurs at different rates in different individuals.
Physical appearance along with also some other alterations:
Loss of subcutaneous fat along with also less elastic skin gives rise to wrinkled appearance, sagging along with also loss of smoothness of Centeng contours. Joints stiffen along with also become painful along with also range of joint movement becomes restricted, general
mobility lessened.
Respiratory alterations:
Increase of fibrous tissue in chest walls along with also lungs leads restricts respiratory movement along with also less oxygen is usually consumed. Older people more likelyto have lower respiratory infections whereas young people have upper respiratory infections.
Nutritive alterations:
Tooth decay along with also loss of teeth can detract through ease along with also enjoyment in eating. Atrophy of the taste buds means food is usually inclined to be tasteless along with also This specific should be taken into account by carers. Digestive alterations occur through lack of exercise (stimulating intestines) along with also decrease in digestive juice production. Constipation along with also indigestion are likely to follow as a result. Financial problems can lead to the elderly eating an excess of cheap carbohydrates rather than the more expensive protein along with also vegetable foods along with also This specific exacerbates the problem, leading to reduced vitamin intake along with also such problems as anemia along with also increased susceptibility to infection.
Adaptation to stress:
All of us face stress at all ages. Adaptation to stress requires the consumption of energy. The 3 main phases of stress are:
1. Initial alarm reaction. 2. Resistance. 3. Exhaustion
along with also if stress continues tissue damage or aging occurs. Older persons have had a lifetime of dealing with stresses. Energy reserves are depleted along with also the older person succumbs to stress earlier than the younger person. Stress is usually cumulative over a lifetime. Research results, including experiments with animals suggests in which each stress leaves us more vulnerable to the next along with also in which although we might think we've "bounced back" 100% in fact each stress leaves the idea scar. Further, stress is usually psycho-biological meaning
the kind of stress is usually irrelevant. A physical stress may leave one more vulnerable to psychological stress along with also vice versa. Rest does not completely restore one after a stressor. Care workers need to be mindful of This specific along with also cognizant of the kinds of things in which can produce stress for aged persons.
COGNITIVE CHANGE Habitual Behaviour:
Sigmund Freud noted in which after the age of 50, treatment of neuroses via psychoanalysis was difficult because the opinions along with also reactions of older people were relatively fixed along with also hard to shift.
Over-learned behaviour: This specific is usually behaviour in which has been learned so well along with also repeated so often in which the idea has become automatic, like for example typing or running down stairs. Over-learned behaviour is usually hard to change. If one has lived a long time one is usually likely to have fixed opinions along with also ritualised behaviour patterns or habits.
Compulsive behaviour: Habits along with also attitudes in which have been learned from the course of finding ways to overcome frustration along with also difficulty are very hard to break. Tension reducing habits such as nail biting, incessant humming, smoking or drinking alcohol are especially hard to change at any age along with also particularly hard for persons who have been practising them over a life time.
The psychology of over-learned along with also compulsive behaviours has severe implications for older persons who find they have to live in what for them is usually a brand-new along with also alien environment with brand-new rules along with also power relations.
Information acquisition:
Older people have a continual background of neural noise producing the idea more difficult for them to sort out along with also interpret complex sensory
input. In talking to an older person one should turn off the TV, eliminate as many noises along with also distractions as possible, talk slowly
along with also relate to one message or idea at a time.
Memories through the distant past are stronger than more recent memories. brand-new memories are the first to fade along with also last to return.
Time patterns also can get mixed - old along with also brand-new may get mixed.
Intelligence.
Intelligence reaches a peak along with also can stay high with little deterioration if there is usually no neurological damage. People who have unusually high intelligence to begin with seem to suffer the least decline. Education along with also stimulation also seem to play a role in maintaining intelligence.
Intellectual impairment. Two diseases of old age causing cognitive decline are Alzheimer's syndrome along with also Pick's syndrome. In Pick's syndrome there is usually inability to concentrate along with also learn along with also also affective responses are impaired.
Degenerative Diseases: Slow progressive physical degeneration of cells from the nervous system. Genetics appear to be an important factor. Usually start after age 40 (however can occur as early as 20s).
ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE Degeneration of all areas of cortex however particularly frontal along with also temporal lobes. The affected cells actually die. Early symptoms resemble neurotic disorders: Anxiety, depression, restlessness sleep difficulties.
Progressive deterioration of all intellectual faculties (memory deficiency being the most well known along with also obvious). Total mass of the brain decreases, ventricles become larger. No established treatment.
PICK'S DISEASE Rare degenerative disease. Similar to Alzheimer's in terms of onset, symptomatology along with also possible genetic
aetiology. However the idea affects circumscribed areas of the brain, particularly the frontal areas which leads to a loss of normal affect.
PARKINSON'S DISEASE Neuropathology: Loss of neurons from the basal ganglia.
Symptoms: Movement abnormalities: rhythmical alternating tremor of extremities, eyelids along with also tongue along with rigidity of the muscles along with also slowness of movement (akinesia).
the idea was once thought in which Parkinson's disease was not associated with intellectual deterioration, however the idea is usually right now known in which there is usually an association between global intellectual impairment along with also Parkinson's where the idea occurs late in life.
The cells lost in Parkinson's are associated with the neuro-chemical Dopamine along with also the motor symptoms of Parkinson's are associated the dopamine deficiency. Treatment involves administration of dopamine precursor L-dopa which can alleviate symptoms including intellectual impairment. Research suggests the idea may possibly bring to the fore emotional effects in patients who have had
psychiatric illness at some prior stage in their lives.
AFFECTIVE DOMAIN In old age our self concept gets its final revision. We make a final assessment of the value of our lives along with also our balance of success along with also failures.
How well a person adapts to old age may be predicated by how well the person adapted to earlier significant alterations. If the person suffered an emotional crisis each time a significant change was needed then adaptation to the exigencies of old age may also be difficult. Factors such as economic security, geographic location along with also physical health are important to the adaptive process.
Need Fulfilment: For all of us, according to Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs theory, we are not free to pursue the higher needs of self actualisation unless the basic needs are secured. When one considers in which many, perhaps most, old people are living in poverty along with also continually concerned with basic survival needs, they are not likely to be happily satisfying needs related to prestige, achievement along with also beauty.
Maslow's Hierarchy
Physiological
Safety
Belonging, love, identification
Esteem: Achievement, prestige, success, self respect
Self actualisation: Expressing one's interests along with also talents to the full.
Note: Old people who have secured their basic needs may be motivated to work on tasks of the highest levels from the hierarchy - activities concerned with aesthetics, creativity along with also altruistic matters, as compensation for loss of sexual attractiveness along with also athleticism. Aged care workers fixated on getting old people to focus on social activities may only succeed in frustrating along with also irritating them if their basic survival concerns are not secured to their satisfaction.
DISENGAGEMENT
Social aging according to Cumming, E. along with also Henry, W. (Growing old: the aging process of disengagement, NY, Basic 1961) follows a well defined pattern:
1. Change in role. Change in occupation along with also productivity. Possibly change
in attitude to work.
2. Loss of role, eg retirement or death of a husband.
3. Reduced social interaction. With loss of role social interactions are
diminished, eccentric adjustment can further reduce social interaction, damage
to self concept, depression.
4. Awareness of scarcity of remaining time. This specific produces further curtailment of
activity in interest of saving time.
Havighurst, R. et al (in B. Neugarten (ed.) Middle age along with also aging, U. of Chicago, 1968) along with also others have suggested in which disengagement is usually not an inevitable process. They believe the needs of the old are essentially the same as in middle age along with also the activities of middle age should be extended as long as possible. Havighurst points out the decrease in social interaction of the aged is usually often largely the
result of society withdrawing through the individual as much as the reverse. To combat This specific he believes the individual must vigorously resist the limitations of his social world.
DEATH The fear of the dead amongst tribal societies is usually well established. Persons who had ministered to the dead were taboo along with also required observe various rituals including seclusion for varying periods of time. In some societies through South America to Australia the idea is usually taboo for certain persons to utter the name of the dead. Widows along with also widowers are likely to observe rituals in respect for the dead.
Widows from the Highlands of brand-new Guinea around Goroka chop of one of their own fingers. The dead continue their existence as spirits along with also upsetting them can bring dire consequences.
Wahl, C in "The fear of death", 1959 noted in which the fear of death occurs as early as the 3rd year of life. When a child loses a pet or grandparent fears reside from the unspoken questions: Did I cause the idea? Will happen to you (parent) soon? Will This specific happen to me? The child in such situations needs to re-assure in which the departure is usually not a censure, along with also in which the parent is usually not likely to depart soon. Love, grief, guilt, anger are a mix of conflicting emotions in which are experienced.
CONTEMPORARY ATTITUDES TO DEATH
Our culture places high value on youth, beauty, high status occupations, social class along with also anticipated future activities along with also achievement. Aging along with also dying are denied along with also avoided in This specific system. The death of each person reminds us of our own mortality.
The death of the elderly is usually less disturbing to members of Western society because the aged are not especially valued. Surveys have established in which nurses for example attach more importance to saving a young life than an old life. In Western society there is usually a pattern of avoiding dealing with the aged along with also dying aged patient.
Stages of dying. Elisabeth Kubler Ross has specialised in working with dying patients along with also in her "On death along with also dying", NY, Macmillan, 1969, summarised 5 stages in dying.
1. Denial along with also isolation. "No, not me".
2. Anger. "I've lived a Great life so why me?"
3. Bargaining. Secret deals are struck with God. "If I can live until ... I promise to ..."
4. Depression. (In general the greatest psychological problem of the aged is usually depression). Depression results through real along with also threatened loss.
5. Acceptance of the inevitable.
Kubler Ross's typology as set out above should, I believe be taken that has a grain of salt along with also not slavishly accepted. Celebrated US Journalist David Rieff who was in June '08 a guest of the Sydney writer's festival in relation to his book, "Swimming in a sea of death: a son's memoir" (Melbourne University Press) expressly denied the validity of the Kubler Ross typology in his Late Night Live interview (Australian ABC radio) with Philip Adams June 9th '08. He said something to the effect in which his mother had regarded her impending death as murder. My own experience with dying persons suggests in which the human ego is usually extraordinarily resilient. I recall visiting a dying colleague in hospital just days before his death. He said, "I'm dying, I do not like the idea however there's nothing I can do about the idea", along with also then went on to chortle about how senior academics at an Adelaide university had told him they were submitting his name for a the Order of Australia (the brand-new "Knighthood" replacement in Australia). Falling in along with also out of lucid thought with an oxygen tube in his nostrils he was nevertheless still highly interested from the "vain glories of the earth". This specific observation to me seemed consistent with Rieff's negative assessment of Kubler Ross's theories.
THE AGED IN RELATION TO YOUNGER PEOPLE
The aged share with the young the same needs: However, the aged often have fewer or weaker resources to meet those needs. Their need for social interaction may be ignored by family along with also care workers.
Family should make time to visit their aged members along with also invite them to their homes. The aged like to visit children along with also relate to them through games along with also stories.
Meaningful relationships can be developed via foster-grandparent programs. Some aged are not aware of their income along with also health entitlements. Family along with also friends should take the time to explain these. Some aged are too proud to access their entitlements along with also This specific problem should be addressed in a kindly way where the idea occurs.
the idea is usually best in which the aged be allowed as much choice as possible in matters related to living arrangements, social life along with also lifestyle.
Communities serving the aged need to provide for the aged via such things as lower curbing, along with also ramps.
Carers need to examine their own attitude to aging along with also dying. Denial from the carer is usually detected by the aged person along with also the idea can inhibit the aged person through expressing negative feelings - fear, anger. If the person can express these feelings to someone then in which person is usually less likely to die that has a sense of isolation along with also bitterness.
A METAPHYSICAL PERSPECTIVE
The following notes are my interpretation of a Dr. Depak Chopra lecture entitled, "The brand-new Physics of Healing" which he presented to the 13th Scientific Conference of the American Holistic Medical Association. Dr. Depak Chopra is usually an endocrinologist along with also a former Chief of Staff of brand-new England Hospital, Massachusetts. I am deliberately omitting the detail of his explanations of the more abstract, ephemeral along with also controversial ideas.
Original material through 735 Walnut Street, Boulder, Colorado 83002,
Phone. +303449 6229.
from the lecture Dr. Chopra presents a design of the universe along with also of all organisms as structures of interacting centres of electromagnetic energy linked to each some other in such a way in which anything affecting one part of a system or structure has ramifications throughout the entire structure. This specific design becomes an analogue not only for what happens within the structure or organism itself, however between the organism along with also both its physical along with also social environments. In some other words there is usually a correlation between psychological
conditions, health along with also the aging process. Dr. Chopra in his lecture reconciles ancient Vedic (Hindu) philosophy with modern psychology along with also quantum physics.
Premature Precognitive Commitment: Dr. Chopra invokes experiments in which have shown in which flies kept for a long time in a jar do not quickly leave the jar when the top is usually taken off. Instead they accept the jar as the limit of their universe. He also points out in which in India baby elephants are often kept tethered to a little twig or sapling. In adulthood when the elephant is usually capable of pulling over a medium sized tree the idea can still be successfully tethered to a twig! As another example he points to experiments in which fish are bred on
2 sides of a fish tank containing a divider between the 2 sides. When the divider is usually removed the fish are slow to learn in which they can right now swim throughout the whole tank however rather stay from the section in which they accept as their universe. some other experiments have demonstrated in which kittens brought up in an environment of vertical stripes along with also structures, when released in adulthood keep bumping into anything aligned horizontally as if they were unable to see anything in which is usually horizontal. Conversely kittens brought up in an environment of horizontal stripes when released bump into vertical structures, apparently unable to see them.
The whole point of the above experiments is usually in which they demonstrate Premature Precognitive Commitment. The lesson to be learned is usually in which our sensory apparatus develops as a result of initial experience along with also how we've been taught to interpret the idea.
What is usually the real look of the earth? the idea does not exist. The way the earth looks to us is usually determined by the sensory receptors we have along with also our interpretation of in which look is usually determined by our premature precognitive commitments. Dr Chopra makes the point in which less than a billionth of the available stimuli make the idea into our nervous systems. Most of the idea is usually screened, along with also what gets through to us is usually whatever we are
expecting to find on the basis of our precognitive commitments.
Dr. Chopra also discusses the diseases in which are actually caused by mainstream medical interventions, however This specific material gets too far away through my central intention. Dr. Chopra discusses in lay terms the physics of matter, energy along with also time by way of establishing the wider context of our existence. He makes the point in which our bodies including the bodies of plants are mirrors of cosmic rhythms along with also exhibit alterations correlating even with the tides.
Dr. Chopra cites the experiments of Dr. Herbert Spencer of the US National Institute of Health. He injected mice with Poly-IC, an immuno-stimulant while producing the mice repeatedly smell camphor. After the effect of the Poly-IC had worn off he again exposed the mice to the camphor smell. The smell of camphor had the effect of causing the mice's immune system to automatically strengthen
as if they had been injected with the stimulant. He then took another batch of mice along with also injected them with cyclophosphamide which tends to destroy the immune system while exposing them to the smell of camphor. Later after being returned to normal just the smell of camphor was enough to cause destruction of their immune system. Dr. Chopra points out in which whether or not camphor enhanced or
destroyed the mice's immune system was entirely determined by an interpretation of the meaning of the smell of camphor. The interpretation is usually not just from the brain however in each cell of the organism. We are bound to our imagination along with also our
early experiences.
Chopra cites a study by the Massachusetts Dept of Health Education along with also Welfare into risk factors for heart disease - family history, cholesterol etc. The 2 most important risk factors were found to be psychological measures - Self Happiness Rating along with also Job Satisfaction. They found most people died of heart disease on a Monday!
Chopra says in which for every feeling there is usually a molecule. If you are experiencing tranquillity your Centeng will be producing natural valium. Chemical alterations from the brain are reflected by alterations in some other cells including blood cells. The brain produces neuropeptides along with also brain structures are chemically tuned to these neuropeptide receptors. Neuropeptides (neurotransmitters) are the chemical concommitants of thought. Chopra points out the white blood cells (a part of the immune system) have neuropeptide receptors along with also are "eavesdropping" on our thinking. Conversely the immune system produces its own neuropeptides which can influence the nervous system. He goes on to say in which cells in all parts of the Centeng including heart along with also kidneys for example also produce neuropeptides along with also
neuropeptide sensitivity. Chopra assures us in which most neurologists might agree in which the nervous system along with also the immune system are parallel systems.
some other studies in physiology: The blood interlukin-2 levels of medical students decreased as exam time neared along with also their interlukin receptor capacities also lowered. Chopra says if we are having fun to the point of exhilaration our natural interlukin-2 levels become higher. Interlukin-2 is usually a powerful along with also very expensive anti-cancer drug. The Centeng is usually a printout of consciousness. If we could change the way we look at our bodies at a genuine, profound level then our bodies might actually change.
On the subject of "time" Chopra cites Sir Thomas Gall along with also Steven Hawkins, stating in which our description of the universe as having a past, present, along with also future are constructed entirely out of our interpretation of change. however in
reality linear time does not exist.
Chopra explains the work of Alexander Leaf a former Harvard Professor of Preventative Medicine who toured the earth investigating societies where people lived beyond 100 years (these included parts of Afghanistan, Soviet Georgia, Southern Andes). He looked at possible factors including climate, genetics, along with also diet. Leaf concluded the most important factor was the collective perception of aging in these societies.
Amongst the Tama Humara of the Southern Andes there was a collective belief in which the older you got the more physically able you got. They had a tradition of running along with also the older one became then generally the better at running one got. The best runner was aged 60. Lung capacity along with also some other measures actually increased with age. People were healthy until well into their 100s along with also died in their sleep. Chopra remarks in which things have changed since the introduction of Budweiser (beer) along with also TV.
[DISCUSSION: How might TV be a factor in changing the former ideal state of things?]
Chopra refers to Dr. Ellen Langor a former Harvard Psychology professor's work. Langor advertised for 100 volunteers aged over 70 years. She took them to a Monastery outside Boston to play "Let's Pretend". They were divided into 2 groups each of which resided in a different part of the building. One group, the control group spent several days talking about the 1950s. The some other group, the experimental group had to live as if from the year 1959 along with also talk about the idea from the present tense. What appeared on their TV screens were the old newscasts along with also movies. They read old newspapers along with also magazines of the period. After 3 days everyone was photographed along with also the photographs judged by independent judges who knew nothing of the nature of the experiment. The experimental group seemed to
have gotten younger in appearance. Langor then arranged for them to be tested for 100 physiological parameters of aging which included of course blood pressure, near point vision along with also DHEA levels. After 10 days of living as if in 1959 all parameters had reversed by the equivalent of at least 20 years.
Chopra concludes through Langor's experiment: "We are the metabolic end product of our sensory experiences. How we interpret them depends on the collective mindset which influences individual biological entropy along with also aging."
Can one escape the current collective mindset along with also reap the benefits in longevity along with also health? Langor says, society will not let you escape. There are too many reminders of how most people think linear time is usually along with also how the idea expresses itself in entropy along with also aging - men are naughty at 40 along with also on social welfare at 55, women reach menopause at 40 etc. We get to see so many some other people aging along with also dying in which the idea sets the pattern in which we follow.
Chopra concludes we are the metabolic product of our sensory experience along with also our interpretation gets structured in our biology itself. Real change comes through change from the collective consciousness - otherwise the idea cannot occur within the individual.
Readings
Chopra, D. The brand-new Physics of Healing. 735 Walnut Street, Boulder, Colorado 83002,
Phone. +303 449 6229.
Coleman, JC Abnormal psychology along with also modern life. Scott Foresman & Co.
Lugo, J. along with also Hershey, L. Human development a multidisciplinary approach to the psychology of individual growth, NY, Macmillan.
Dennis. Psychology of human behaviour for nurses. Lond. WBSaunders.
The Development of Old Age along with also Related Issues 
